1 00:00:12,120 --> 00:00:14,120 Ladies and gentlemen, 2 00:00:14,300 --> 00:00:18,440 let me introduce you to the collection items 3 00:00:18,700 --> 00:00:24,360 documenting Romani culture in the Regional Museum here in Prešov. 4 00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:25,850 I would like to start by telling you 5 00:00:25,850 --> 00:00:30,360 that the basic activity of the museum is to create a collection fund. 6 00:00:30,380 --> 00:00:34,380 The building of a collection fund dedicated to Roma culture 7 00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:38,980 was not carried out on the basis of scientific research activities, 8 00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:45,000 but it has responded and it is responding to stimuli from the external environment. 9 00:00:45,650 --> 00:00:50,900 The predominant part of the collection items devoted to Roma culture 10 00:00:50,900 --> 00:00:55,580 can be found in the ethnographic collection of the Regional Museum. 11 00:00:55,640 --> 00:01:00,660 These are objects that document the way of life of the Roma in our territory. 12 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:06,850 For the needs of this conference, I systematically divided the collection items 13 00:01:07,020 --> 00:01:10,820 for daily necessities, then it is a photographic document, 14 00:01:11,580 --> 00:01:18,600 works of art depicting this ethnicity and needs devoting to crafts. 15 00:01:18,670 --> 00:01:24,040 Among the items of daily use I include clothing and clothing parts. 16 00:01:24,080 --> 00:01:28,290 Then it's home textiles, musical instruments and jewelry. 17 00:01:28,350 --> 00:01:31,930 In this picture you can see the ceremonial chain of Vaida. 18 00:01:31,930 --> 00:01:37,880 It is a very rare collection item owned by the Regional Museum in Prešov. 19 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:42,400 This Vaida's ceremonial chain belonged to Vaida of Rožkovany, 20 00:01:42,400 --> 00:01:44,200 i.e. the Sabinov district, 21 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:46,200 It consists of four chains. 22 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:48,700 Then there are the medallion, the old coins. 23 00:01:48,700 --> 00:01:50,640 In the middle you can see that medallion, 24 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:55,960 which was awarded in the past to veterans of the First World War for bravery. 25 00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:59,640 Then there are the coins depicting František Jozef. 26 00:01:59,640 --> 00:02:05,180 Then there is the amulet of the Virgin Mary and the amulet with its initials. 27 00:02:05,180 --> 00:02:10,890 This item is very significant and very important in our Regional Museum. 28 00:02:10,960 --> 00:02:16,820 Another collection item owned by the Regional Museum is men's clothing. 29 00:02:16,820 --> 00:02:20,560 it belonged to members of the music of a Romani ensemble 30 00:02:20,560 --> 00:02:26,410 Romano Kendice in years 1955 - 1960. 31 00:02:26,850 --> 00:02:30,100 Other collection items that enrich the fund 32 00:02:30,610 --> 00:02:33,320 are the products of Romani women from Prešov. 33 00:02:34,050 --> 00:02:36,700 These are various blankets, collars, handkerchiefs, 34 00:02:36,700 --> 00:02:41,490 which have been created by the perforated embroidery technique, drawn-work. 35 00:02:42,010 --> 00:02:48,440 Music, dance, is actually part of the cultural identity of the Romani ethnic group. 36 00:02:48,750 --> 00:02:53,680 Even in the museum's collections you will find handmade violins. 37 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:57,280 These are specifically two pieces of maple wood 38 00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:01,570 decorated at the edge by a line marquetry of ebony wood. 39 00:03:01,570 --> 00:03:07,020 The violin was made by a Roma from Prešov, Duda, in 1960. 40 00:03:07,550 --> 00:03:10,380 Now I would go to that photographic material, 41 00:03:10,380 --> 00:03:14,980 which is also very important in the Regional Museum, 42 00:03:15,070 --> 00:03:20,290 because it comes from the most important collector of gypsy folklore, 43 00:03:20,290 --> 00:03:25,680 Romani folklore, here in eastern Slovakia, by Jozef Kolarčík Fintický, 44 00:03:26,020 --> 00:03:31,120 who lived in the years 1899 - 1961. 45 00:03:31,170 --> 00:03:35,700 He researched this question mainly here in eastern Slovakia. 46 00:03:35,700 --> 00:03:38,690 Also in Ukraine, Hungary, Romania. 47 00:03:38,970 --> 00:03:43,720 The fact that he studied this ethnicity is also evidenced by two hundred negatives on glass plates, 48 00:03:43,720 --> 00:03:45,820 which are located in the museum. 49 00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:49,530 And it is actually a legacy of this great ethnographer. 50 00:03:49,530 --> 00:03:54,290 These negatives preserve the visual evidence of the way of life 51 00:03:54,450 --> 00:03:57,180 traditional crafts of this ethnic group. 52 00:03:57,180 --> 00:04:02,370 During his research, he visited more than 300 families, 350 families. 53 00:04:02,500 --> 00:04:07,100 In 2014, the regional museum organized a traveling exhibition 54 00:04:07,100 --> 00:04:11,800 entitled Gypsies in a photograph of Jozef Kolarčík Fintický. 55 00:04:11,820 --> 00:04:18,250 There are these photographs from the period 1930-1960. 56 00:04:18,260 --> 00:04:22,730 They capture such a golden era of nomadic life of the then Gypsies. 57 00:04:22,730 --> 00:04:28,050 I use this term because even on the panels that are in the museum, 58 00:04:28,050 --> 00:04:31,090 this ethnic group is named like this. 59 00:04:31,090 --> 00:04:34,980 These photographs then capture also the Roma from Drienov. 60 00:04:36,700 --> 00:04:38,400 Actually, here are these panels. 61 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:42,640 And in particular, one shot captures the production of adobes, 62 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:44,240 which are unfired bricks. 63 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:46,440 There was a clay mining in Drienov 64 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:49,460 and this is probably what led to the formation of these bricks. 65 00:04:49,460 --> 00:04:52,980 In addition, in the photos of Jozef Kolarčík you can find 66 00:04:52,980 --> 00:04:55,930 also life documented in the village of Petrovany. 67 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:57,570 Then the surrounding villages. 68 00:04:57,730 --> 00:05:02,920 And together with it, also musicians are depicted on these photographs. 69 00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:08,420 They are mainly musicians from Terňa, or from the defunct village of Močarmany, 70 00:05:08,420 --> 00:05:13,650 which was annexed to the village of Petrovany in 1965. 71 00:05:15,060 --> 00:05:17,260 The second such traveling exhibition, 72 00:05:17,260 --> 00:05:21,200 which you can borrow again at the Regional Museum in Prešov, 73 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:23,680 is the exhibition Endless Journey. 74 00:05:23,680 --> 00:05:26,850 The exhibition again discusses the life of this ethnic group 75 00:05:26,850 --> 00:05:31,120 in the 1930s and 1940s in the Carpathian Basin. 76 00:05:31,330 --> 00:05:36,290 In the introductory part you will find history and then there is the photo-documentation part. 77 00:05:36,290 --> 00:05:39,610 It represents nomadic Roma, but also settlers, 78 00:05:39,610 --> 00:05:43,970 with their distinctive way of life and traditional crafts. 79 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:48,320 I mentioned that there are also works of art in the regional museum. 80 00:05:48,350 --> 00:05:53,090 However, these are not in the collection ethnographic fund, 81 00:05:53,090 --> 00:05:55,090 but it's in the art history. 82 00:05:55,090 --> 00:05:58,930 So my art history colleague could answer that for you. 83 00:05:59,080 --> 00:06:01,090 The last category I created, 84 00:06:01,090 --> 00:06:03,740 are items that deal with crafts. 85 00:06:03,740 --> 00:06:08,730 In the first place, unlike the rest of the population, the Roma were characterized 86 00:06:08,730 --> 00:06:12,730 not only by a different way of life but also by job, 87 00:06:12,840 --> 00:06:16,180 that they had chosen out of necessity many times. 88 00:06:16,250 --> 00:06:19,410 They have mastered some crafts at a very high level 89 00:06:19,410 --> 00:06:22,920 as evidenced by the products found in the regional museum. 90 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:25,980 The first such craft you will find 91 00:06:25,980 --> 00:06:30,580 at that traveling exhibition is Romani blacksmithing. 92 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:37,170 Romani blacksmiths produced mainly nails, chains, fittings, horseshoes, axes. 93 00:06:37,250 --> 00:06:39,820 But also parts of agricultural equipment. 94 00:06:39,820 --> 00:06:45,490 Another craft that you will already find in the ethnographic exposition of the regional museum, 95 00:06:45,490 --> 00:06:48,760 there is then trough making and basketry. 96 00:06:48,760 --> 00:06:54,170 The boom of trough making occurred in the 1980s 97 00:06:54,170 --> 00:07:00,090 after the arrival of Romanian, Romani trough makers from Subcarpathian Russia. 98 00:07:00,130 --> 00:07:06,360 And just these were who settled here in the most eastern part of eastern Slovakia. 99 00:07:06,380 --> 00:07:12,810 I said that the next craft that is on display again is basketry. 100 00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:18,170 You can also find some of the willow products in this exhibition. 101 00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:20,170 I was talking about trough making. 102 00:07:20,170 --> 00:07:23,280 And just in the photograph of Jozef Kolarčík 103 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:27,180 you can find this trough making recorded. 104 00:07:27,310 --> 00:07:32,210 And trough making was an exclusively male business in the past. 105 00:07:32,210 --> 00:07:36,340 This photo shows also a little girl helping her father. 106 00:07:36,380 --> 00:07:40,900 I believe that the collections in the regional museum have appealed to you 107 00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:46,480 and you like to come and see them with your students, but also with your family members. 108 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:47,680 Thank you.